International Research and Academic scholar society

IRASS Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies

Issue-4(April), Volume-3 2026

1. Assessing Farmers’ Mass Media Preferences and their Influence on Agric...
5

Yi Mon Thu*, Nyein Nyein Htwe,...
Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension, Yezin Agricultural University (YAU), Nay Pyi Taw 15013, Myanmar
1-10
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19402939

This study aimed to identify farmers’ preferences regarding mass media methods and to examine the influence of mass media on agricultural information dissemination in three villages of Tatkon Township, Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory. A total of 74 randomly selected respondents participated in the survey conducted in September 2023. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests (Friedman test and Goodness of Fit test), and Likert scale measurements. The majority of respondents were middle-aged, married, native to the study area, and had attained primary education, with an average household size of 5. All respondents owned mobile phones, and over 97% used smartphones. Almost 84% had televisions, around 50% owned radios, and 16% possessed laptops. DOA mobile apps, DOA websites and DOA call center are the major ICT supports of Department of Agriculture (DOA). Among them, call center is the highest preference of the respondents. In terms of mobile application use, farmers favored Facebook pages, Facebook accounts, and Viber, typically accessing them 1–10 times per week. Among various agricultural extension methods, mass media was highly preferred. Specifically, television and radio (broadcast media), pamphlets and posters (printed media), and Facebook pages (digital media) were the most favored platforms. However, limited internet accessibility and high cost of internet services were significant challenges affecting media usage. Overall, mass media proved to be an effective channel for disseminating information related to seed, fertilizer application, and pest and disease control, enabling quicker and broader outreach compared to traditional, personal communication methods.

2. PRESERVING PINEAPPLE JUICE NATURALLY: IMPACTS ON SHELF LIFE AND NUTRIE...
4

Enock Kwablah Teye*, Richard K...
Department of Business Administration and Agribusiness, School of Business, Presbyterian University, Ghana, P.O. Box 59, Abetifi-Kwahu, Ghana
11-25
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19403437

Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a widely consumed tropical fruit, but its high perishability limits its shelf life. This study assessed the juice yield and the effects of natural preservatives (rosemary and clove) on the quality of three pineapple varieties (Smooth Cayenne, Sugarloaf, and MD2). A 3 × 3 Factorial Completely Randomized Design was used, with variety and preservative as factors, each at three levels. Smooth Cayenne had the highest juice yield (700 mL). Sugarloaf juice preserved with rosemary had the highest crude fiber, fat, carbohydrate, protein, and ash, while the unpreserved Sugarloaf variety had the highest crude moisture content. On day ten, the highest pH (5.43) was recorded in juice from the MD2 variety with no preservative, while the lowest pH (5.15) was observed in MD2 juice preserved with rosemary. The highest Total Soluble Solids (TSS) value (14.01 °Brix) was found in MD2 juice treated with clove, while the lowest TSS (0.91 °Brix) was observed in Sugarloaf and Smooth Cayenne juices preserved with rosemary. The Smooth Cayenne variety with rosemary exhibited the highest Total Titratable Acidity (TTA) on day one (0.00078), and still had the highest on day ten (0.00077) without preservatives, while the lowest TTA values (0.00043 and 0.00042) were recorded in Sugarloaf juice preserved with clove on days one and ten respectively. Vitamin C content was highest in Smooth Cayenne juice with no preservative (25.24 mg/100 mL on day one and 21.72 mg/100 mL on day ten), while the lowest vitamin C levels were found in MD2 juice 5.28 mg/100 mL both with no preservative (day one) and with rosemary-clove mix (day ten). Mineral analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in copper, potassium, phosphorus, and zinc content for both juices tested as day one samples, however a statistical difference was observed on day ten among all four minerals due to the effects of preservatives. Specifically, the highest concentration of copper (5.48 mg/L), was found in MD2 samples preserved with clove, whereas the lowest (3.20 mg/L) was identified as MD2 samples preserved with no preservative. In addition, iron concentrations were highest at 31.28 mg/L in Sugarloaf samples preserved with rosemary, while the lowest (9.49 mg/L) was determined in MD2 samples preserved with no preservative. Manganese concentrations were greatest (14.83 mg/100 mL) in MD2 samples preserved with no preservative. The highest levels of potassium were observed in Smooth Cayenne samples preserved with clove. Phosphorus was found to be at its highest level in MD2 samples preserved with clove. Finally, zinc was also found to be highest in MD2 samples preserved with clove and lowest in Sugarloaf samples preserved with clove. Sensory evaluation of the samples demonstrated that neither rosemary nor clove resulted in an unacceptable deterioration of the sensory attributes of the juice or nutritional degradation. Therefore this study demonstrates the feasibility of using natural preservatives to extend the shelf-life of pineapple juice while maintaining its quality.

3. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND LOCAL VULNERABILITY AROUND L...
0

Emmanuel Lwankomezi*
Geography Department, St. Augustine University of Tanzania, Box 307 Mwanza, Tanzania
26-37
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19420755

The Lake Victoria Basin in Tanzania faces rising threats from climate change which endanger both its natural systems and human communities. The review examines current literature on climate change vulnerability through a systematic assessment that focuses on local settings and socio-ecological systems and institutional reaction patterns. The flow Diagram for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology was used. The study systematically reviewed studies up to July 2024 (N=28) published on the Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and JSTOR. The results show current state of literature on climate vulnerability, how literature frame vulnerability concept, variables involved and future perspectives. The existing research fails to maintain consistent theoretical frameworks while neglecting essential intersectional and place-specific aspects of vulnerability. The review identifies key climate change threats which combine declining water levels with erratic rainfall and increased food insecurity and vector-borne diseases and ecosystem degradation to create intensified human vulnerability. The review advocates for a vulnerability framework which integrates justice principles to understand local experiences while guiding policy development and adaptation planning. The Lake Victoria region needs future research to develop stronger methodologies and include marginalized perspectives for building resilience against growing climate stress.

4. INFLUENCE OF TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION OF IMPROVISED INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL...
1

Dr Francisca Ifeoma Ehiemere*,...
Department of Teacher Education, National Institute for Nigerian Languages, Aba
38-48
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19601133

This study investigated the influence of teachers’ perception of improvised instructional materials on learning outcomes in physics among SS2 students in Aba Education Zone, Abia State. The study specifically examined the roles of teachers’ teaching experience and attitude toward innovation and creativity in shaping students’ academic achievement. A descriptive survey research design was employed, and the population consisted of all SS2 physics teachers and students in public secondary schools within the zone. A purposive sample of 15 schools, comprising 45 physics teachers and 300 SS2 students, was selected. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with 20 items measured on a four-point Likert scale (Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree, Strongly Disagree). The questionnaire was validated by experts and yielded a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.82, indicating high reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and percentages) and inferential statistics (Pearson ProductMoment Correlation). The findings revealed that teachers’ teaching experience significantly influences their perception and use of improvised instructional materials, which positively affects students’ learning outcomes (r = 0.62, p = 0.001). Additionally, teachers’ positive attitude toward innovation and creativity was found to have a significant impact on students’ engagement and academic achievement in physics (r = 0.68, p = 0.001). The study concluded that both experience and innovative attitudes are critical factors in the effective use of improvised instructional materials, leading to improved student understanding, problem-solving skills, and performance in physics. Based on these findings, it was recommended that teachers receive continuous professional development, mentoring, and support to enhance their creativity and ability to use improvised instructional materials effectively. Schools and policymakers should also encourage the use of locally available teaching resources to facilitate active learning and improve students’ outcomes in physics.

5. Educational Psychology of Conflict Resolution in Student-Teacher Inter...
5

Betty Nansikombi*
Department of Education, National Institute for Nigerian Languages, Aba
49-55
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19601217

This research investigates the pedagogical implications of conflict resolution within student-teacher interactions, positing that the synthesis of refined communication modalities and psychological frameworks is essential for optimizing the educational environment. Through a multi-faceted analysis, this study examines how deliberate verbal and non-verbal communication strategies, coupled with the integration of emotional intelligence and empathy, serve as primary catalysts for de-escalating classroom tension and fostering relational stability. The findings underscore that active listening characterized by sustained concentration, cognitive empathy, and validation functions as a critical mechanism for conflict mitigation. By prioritizing these communicative practices, educators can identify underlying behavioral catalysts, thereby transitioning from reactive disciplinary measures to proactive, collaborative problem-solving. Furthermore, the data suggest that high levels of emotional intelligence enable instructors to regulate interpersonal dynamics effectively, creating a psychological safety net that encourages student engagement. Non-verbal cues, including calibrated body language and prosodic modulation, are identified as vital components in conveying approachability, which significantly lowers defensive posturing in students. The convergence of these techniques facilitates a transformative classroom climate where mutual respect is institutionalized. The study concludes that targeted interventions designed to bolster the emotional and communicative competencies of educators are instrumental in establishing a positive feedback loop. This loop not only enhances pedagogical efficacy but also promotes the holistic social and academic development of the learner. By shifting the focus toward relational intelligence, this research argues that educational institutions can resolve systemic conflicts while cultivating a sustainable, supportive culture. Future inquiries should consider the longitudinal impact of these interventions on student retention and the broader psychological well-being of the academic community, reinforcing the necessity for interdisciplinary approaches in contemporary educational psychology.





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